What are exceptions?
Exceptions are events that occur during program execution that disrupt the normal flow of the program and can lead to errors. Examples of exceptions include division by zero, invalid input, file not found, etc.
Handling exceptions
In Python, exceptions can be handled using the try-except block. The code that might raise an exception is placed inside the try block, and the code to handle the exception is placed inside the except block.
Types of exceptions
Python has many built-in exceptions, including NameError, TypeError, ValueError, ZeroDivisionError, etc. It is also possible to create custom exceptions using the raise statement.
Raising exceptions
Developers can raise exceptions manually using the raise statement. This is useful when an error occurs that cannot be handled by the program, and it needs to be passed on to a higher-level function or the user.
Finally block
The finally block is a piece of code that is executed whether or not an exception is raised. It is typically used for cleanup code, such as closing files or releasing resources.
Exception hierarchy
Python has a hierarchy of exception classes, with the base class being Exception. This allows developers to catch multiple exceptions at once using a single except block.
Debugging
Exception handling is an essential tool for debugging Python programs. By handling exceptions gracefully, developers can identify and fix errors in their code more easily.