String of Python

String of Python

Q1.What is a string in Python?

A. A sequence of integers
B. A sequence of characters
C. A sequence of floating-point numbers
D. A sequence of Boolean values

Answer: B

Explanation: In Python, a string is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes. It can be defined using single quotes (‘…’) or double quotes (“…”).

Q2.Which of the following is a valid string in Python?

A. 1234
B. ‘1234’
C. 12.34
D. True

Answer: B

Explanation: ‘1234’ is a valid string in Python. A string can contain any sequence of characters, including digits, letters, and symbols.

Q3.What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?

A. Single quotes can only be used for short strings, while double quotes can be used for longer strings.
B. Single quotes and double quotes are interchangeable.
C. Single quotes are used for strings, while double quotes are used for integers.
D. Single quotes are used for characters, while double quotes are used for strings.

Answer: B

Explanation: In Python, single and double quotes are interchangeable and can be used to define strings.

Q4.Which of the following is a valid way to concatenate two strings in Python?

A. str1 – str2
B. str1 + str2
C. str1 * str2
D. str1 / str2

Answer: B

Explanation: The + operator can be used to concatenate two strings in Python.

Q5.What is the result of the following code?

string1 = “Hello”
string2 = “World”
print(string1[1] + string2[3])

A. “Hd”
B. “eo”
C. “lW”
D. “ol”

Answer: C

Explanation: string1[1] is “e” and string2[3] is “d”, so the output is “lW”.

Q6.Which method can be used to convert a string to all lowercase letters in Python?

A. upper()
B. lower()
C. capitalize()
D. swapcase()

Answer: B

Explanation: The lower() method can be used to convert a string to all lowercase letters in Python.

Q7.Which method can be used to replace a substring in a string with a new substring in Python?

A. replace()
B. substr()
C. splice()
D. slice()

Answer: A

Explanation: The replace() method can be used to replace a substring in a string with a new substring in Python.

Q8.Which of the following is a valid way to access the length of a string in Python?

A. len(string)
B. string.length()
C. string.size()
D. length(string)

Answer: A

Explanation: The len() function can be used to access the length of a string in Python.

Q9.Which method can be used to split a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter in Python?

A. join()
B. split()
C. replace()
D. substring()

Answer: B

Explanation: The split() method can be used to split a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter in Python.

Q10.Which method can be used to remove whitespace from the beginning and end of a string in Python?

A. trim()
B. strip()
C. remove()
D. clean()

Answer: B

Explanation: The strip() method can be used to remove whitespace from the beginning and end of a string in Python

Q11.Which of the following is a valid way to check if a substring is present in a string in Python?

A. string.contains(substring)
B. substring.in(string)
C. string.find(substring)
D. substring.check(string)

Answer: B

Explanation: The in operator can be used to check if a substring is present in a string in Python. The correct syntax is substring in string.

Q12.Which method can be used to convert a string to a list of individual characters in Python?

A. split()
B. join()
C. list()
D. chars()

Answer: C

Explanation: The list() function can be used to convert a string to a list of individual characters in Python.

Q13.Which of the following is a valid way to format a string with variables in Python?

A. “Hello, {0} and {1}!”.format(name1, name2)
B. “Hello, %s and %s!” % (name1, name2)
C. f”Hello, {name1} and {name2}!”
D. All of the above

Answer: D

Explanation: All of the options are valid ways to format a string with variables in Python. Option A uses the format() method, option B uses the % operator, and option C uses f-strings.

Q14.Which method can be used to check if a string starts with a certain substring in Python?

A. startswith()
B. contains()
C. beginswith()
D. substr()

Answer: A

Explanation: The startswith() method can be used to check if a string starts with a certain substring in Python.

Q15.Which method can be used to check if a string ends with a certain substring in Python?

A. endswith()
B. contains()
C. finishswith()
D. substr()

Answer: A

Explanation: The endswith() method can be used to check if a string ends with a certain substring in Python.

Q16.What is string interpolation in Python?

A. The process of converting a string to a list of characters
B. The process of replacing variables in a string with their values
C. The process of encrypting a string for secure transmission
D. The process of compressing a string to save storage space

Answer: B

Explanation: String interpolation is the process of inserting variables or expressions into a string. In Python, this can be done using f-strings, format() method, or % operator.

Q17.What is a raw string in Python?

A. A string that is not encoded in any particular character set
B. A string that is used for regular expressions
C. A string that is formatted with variables
D. A string that treats all characters as literal characters, including backslashes

Answer: D

Explanation: A raw string in Python is a string that treats all characters as literal characters, including backslashes. It is defined using the letter ‘r’ before the opening quote.

String of Python

Q18.Which method can be used to count the number of occurrences of a substring in a string in Python?

A. count()
B. find()
C. index()
D. substring()

Answer: A

Explanation: The count() method can be used to count the number of occurrences of a substring in a string in Python.

Q19.Which method can be used to convert a string to uppercase letters in Python?

A. upper()
B. lower()
C. title()
D. capitalize()

Answer: A

Explanation: The upper() method can be used to convert a string to uppercase letters in Python.

Q20.What is the difference between a string and a byte string in Python?

A. A string is a sequence of characters, while a byte string is a sequence of bytes
B. A string is immutable, while a byte string is mutable
C. A string can only contain ASCII characters, while a byte string can contain any byte value
D. A string is represented using Unicode encoding, while a byte string is represented using a specific character encoding

Answer: A

Explanation: A string is a sequence of characters, while a byte string is a sequence of bytes. In Python, strings are represented using Unicode encoding, while byte strings are represented using a specific character encoding such as UTF-8 or ASCII.

Q21. Which method can be used to replace all occurrences of a substring in a string with a new substring in Python?

A. replace()
B. remove()
C. replace_all()
D. subst()

Answer: A

Explanation: The replace() method can be used to replace all occurrences of a substring in a string with a new substring in Python.

Q22.What is string slicing in Python?

A. The process of converting a string to a list of individual characters
B. The process of splitting a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter
C. The process of extracting a portion of a string based on its position
D. The process of encoding a string using a specific character set

Answer: C

Explanation: String slicing in Python is the process of extracting a portion of a string based on its position. It can be done using square brackets and specifying the start and end indices of the substring to extract.

Q23. Which method can be used to check if a string contains only numeric characters in Python?

A. isdigit()
B. isnumeric()
C. isalpha()
D. isalnum()

Answer: A

Explanation: The isdigit() method can be used to check if a string contains only numeric characters in Python.

Q24.Which method can be used to concatenate two or more strings in Python?

A. concat()
B. merge()
C. join()
D. combine()

Answer: C

Explanation: The join() method can be used to concatenate two or more strings in Python. It is called on a separator string and the strings to be concatenated are passed as a list.

Q25.What is the difference between a string and a list in Python?

A. A string is mutable, while a list is immutable
B. A string can only contain characters, while a list can contain any data type
C. A string is indexed using square brackets, while a list is indexed using parentheses
D. A string is a sequence of characters, while a list is a sequence of values

Answer: D

Explanation: A string is a sequence of characters, while a list is a sequence of values. In Python, strings are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed after they are created, while lists are mutable, meaning their values can be changed.

Q26.Which method can be used to remove leading and trailing whitespace characters from a string in Python?

A. lstrip()
B. rstrip()
C. strip()
D. remove()

Answer: C

Explanation: The strip() method can be used to remove leading and trailing whitespace characters from a string in Python.

Q27.Which method can be used to split a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter in Python?

A. split()
B. join()
C. concatenate()
D. merge()

Answer: A

Explanation: The split() method can be used to split a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter in Python. The delimiter can be specified as an argument to the method.

Q28.What is the difference between a string and a tuple in Python?

A. A string is mutable, while a tuple is immutable
B. A string can only contain characters, while a tuple can contain any data type
C. A string is indexed using square brackets, while a tuple is indexed using parentheses
D. A string is a sequence of characters, while a tuple is a sequence of values

Answer: D

Explanation: A string is a sequence of characters, while a tuple is a sequence of values. In Python, strings are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed after they are created, while tuples are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed.

Q29.Which method can be used to find the position of a substring in a string in Python?

A. find()
B. index()
C. search()
D. locate()

Answer: A

Explanation: The find() method can be used to find the position of a substring in a string in Python. If the substring is not found, the method returns -1.

Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT Basics)

IoT Tutorial: Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT Basics)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to describe a network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items that are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to enable them to collect and exchange data. IoT is rapidly transforming industries and our daily lives. In this article, we will introduce you to the basics of IoT and its applications.

What is IoT?

IoT is a network of physical devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to enable them to collect and exchange data. These devices range from simple sensors to complex machines like cars, drones, and robots. The collected data is sent to a cloud platform where it is analyzed to derive insights and improve efficiency.

Brief history of IoT

The concept of IoT was first introduced in 1982 by a group of researchers at Carnegie Mellon University who connected a Coca-Cola vending machine to the internet. However, it wasn’t until the early 2000s that IoT gained significant attention with the advancement of wireless communication and sensor technology. Since then, IoT has grown exponentially and is projected to have over 50 billion connected devices by 2030.

How does IoT work?

IoT devices use sensors to collect data such as temperature, humidity, and location. The collected data is then transmitted to a cloud platform through wireless or wired connectivity. The cloud platform stores and processes the data to generate insights that can be used to improve efficiency, productivity, and decision-making.

Components of IoT

There are four main components of IoT:

Sensors

Sensors are devices that collect data from the environment. They can measure various parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and light intensity.

Connectivity

Connectivity refers to the communication between devices. IoT devices can use various communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular networks to exchange data.

Cloud Platform

The cloud platform is where the collected data is stored and processed. Cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure provide tools for data analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Data Analytics

Data analytics is the process of extracting insights from the collected data. This can be done using various techniques such as machine learning and artificial intelligence.

 

IoT Applications

IoT has various applications in different industries. Some of the popular applications are:

 Smart Home

Smart home technology uses IoT devices to automate various tasks such as turning off lights, adjusting thermostats, and controlling home appliances.

 Wearables

Wearables such as fitness trackers and smartwatches use IoT technology to collect data on physical activity, heart rate, and sleep patterns.

 Industrial IoT

Industrial IoT (IIoT) is used in manufacturing plants to improve efficiency and reduce downtime. IIoT devices can monitor machine performance and alert maintenance teams when repairs are needed.

 Agriculture IoT

Agriculture IoT (Agri-IoT) is used in farming to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and humidity to optimize crop yield. It can also track livestock and monitor their health.

 Healthcare IoT

Healthcare IoT is used in hospitals and clinics to track patient health data and monitor medical equipment. It can also be used for remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and drug delivery.

 IoT Security

IoT security is a major concern as the devices are connected to the internet and can be vulnerable to cyber attacks. Security measures such as encryption, authentication, and access control are used to protect IoT devices and data.

 Challenges in IoT

There are several challenges in implementing IoT, including privacy concerns, interoperability, and standardization. Additionally, there is a lack of skilled professionals who can design, develop, and maintain IoT systems.

 Future of IoT

The future of IoT is exciting, with the potential to transform industries and improve our daily lives. Advancements in 5G technology, artificial intelligence, and blockchain will drive the growth of IoT. We can expect to see more connected devices, smart cities, and autonomous vehicles in the coming years.

Conclusion

In conclusion, IoT is a network of physical devices that collect and exchange data to improve efficiency, productivity, and decision-making. IoT has various applications in different industries, including smart homes, wearables, and healthcare. However, there are challenges in implementing IoT, and security is a major concern. The future of IoT is bright, and we can expect to see more innovative applications in the coming years.

FAQs

Q1. What is the difference between IoT and M2M?

A1.Machine-to-machine (M2M) refers to the direct communication between devices, while IoT involves the use of sensors, connectivity, and cloud platforms to collect and analyze data.
How does IoT improve efficiency?
IoT devices can monitor and optimize processes, reduce downtime, and automate tasks, resulting in increased efficiency.

Q2.What are some security measures used in IoT?

A2.Encryption, authentication, access control, and network segmentation are some security measures used in IoT.
What are the challenges in implementing IoT?
Challenges in implementing IoT include privacy concerns, interoperability, standardization, and a lack of skilled professionals.
What is the future of IoT?The future of IoT is exciting, with advancements in 5G, AI, and blockchain driving growth and innovation in the industry.

book solution : Exception Handling in Python

Table of Content :

       1. “Every syntax error is an exception but every exception cannot be a syntax error.” Justify the statement

.
       2. When are the following built-in exceptions raised? Give examples to support your answers.
a) ImportError
b) IOError
c) NameError
d) ZeroDivisionError

3. What is the use of a raise statement? Write a code to accept two numbers and display the quotient. Appropriate exception should be raised if the user enters the second number (denominator) as zero (0).

4. Use assert statement in Question No. 3 to test the division expression in the program.

5. Define the following:
a) Exception Handling
b) Throwing an exception
c) Catching an exception

6. Explain catching exceptions using try and except block

Q1. “Every syntax error is an exception but every exception cannot be a syntax error.” Justify the statement.

Answer : – The statement is true, and it highlights the difference between syntax errors and exceptions in programming.

In programming, syntax errors occur when the code violates the language’s syntax rules. For example, forgetting to close a parenthesis or using an undefined variable. These errors are detected by the compiler or interpreter during the compilation or interpretation phase and prevent the code from running. Thus, every syntax error is an exception because it breaks the normal flow of the program execution.

On the other hand, exceptions are errors that occur during the execution of a program. These errors are not necessarily caused by syntax violations, but rather by unexpected events, such as a division by zero, an invalid file operation, or a network error. Exceptions can be handled by the program to prevent it from crashing, and they may or may not be caused by syntax errors. Therefore, every exception cannot be a syntax error because an exception can be caused by a logical error or an external event that is not related to syntax violations.

In summary, every syntax error is an exception because it interrupts the normal program flow, but every exception cannot be a syntax error because exceptions can be caused by a wide range of unexpected events, not necessarily syntax violations.

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Chapter 1 : Exception Handling in Python theory

Syntax Errors in python
Syntax errors in Python are errors that occur when the interpreter encounters code that violates the rules of the Python language syntax. In other words, syntax errors occur when there is a mistake in the way the code is written, such as a missing colon or parentheses.

Here’s an example of a syntax error:

bash
Copy code
print(“Hello, world!”
This code is missing a closing parentheses for the print function, which results in a syntax error. When you run this code, you will see an error message that looks something like this:

arduino
Copy code
File “<stdin>”, line 1
print(“Hello, world!”
^
SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing
The error message indicates that the interpreter encountered an unexpected end of file while trying to parse the code.

Other examples of syntax errors include:

Missing colon after an if statement
Missing parentheses around function arguments
Using an invalid keyword as a variable name
Syntax errors are usually easy to fix once you identify them. The error message will give you a clue as to where the error is located in your code.

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12 Class- Exception Handling in Python objective

Q1. What is the purpose of using Exception Handling in Python?

a) To prevent the occurrence of errors in the program
b) To ignore the errors that occur in the program
c) To identify and handle errors that occur in the program
d) To stop the execution of the program when errors occur

Answer: c) To identify and handle errors that occur in the program

Explanation: Exception handling is used to identify and handle errors that occur during the execution of a program. By using exception handling, we can gracefully handle errors and prevent the program from crashing.

Q2. What is an Exception in Python?

a) An error that occurs during the execution of a program
b) A warning message that is displayed during the execution of a program
c) A syntax error that occurs when writing code in Python
d) A logical error that occurs when the program does not produce the expected output

Answer: a) An error that occurs during the execution of a program

Explanation: An exception is an error that occurs during the execution of a program. It is caused by something unexpected happening during the execution of a program, such as a divide by zero error, a file not found error, or a type error.

Q3. What is the syntax for handling exceptions in Python?

a) try-except
b) try-catch
c) try-exception
d) try-finally

Answer: a) try-except

Explanation: The syntax for handling exceptions in Python is try-except. The try block contains the code that might raise an exception, and the except block contains the code that will handle the exception if it occurs.

Q4. Which of the following is NOT a type of built-in exception in Python?

a) ZeroDivisionError
b) TypeError
c) FileNotFoundError
d) DatabaseError

Answer: d) DatabaseError

Explanation: While ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, and FileNotFoundError are all built-in exceptions in Python, DatabaseError is not. DatabaseError is a base class for exceptions that occur when interacting with a database, but it is not a built-in exception in Python.

Q5. What is the purpose of the else block in Python exception handling?

a) To handle the exception that occurred in the try block
b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block
c) To execute code after the finally block has executed
d) To ignore the exception that occurred in the try block

Answer: b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block

Explanation: The else block in Python exception handling is used to execute code if no exception occurred in the try block. If an exception occurs in the try block, the code in the else block will not be executed. The else block is optional and can be omitted if it is not needed.

Q6. What is the purpose of the finally block in Python exception handling?

a) To handle the exception that occurred in the try block
b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block
c) To execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not
d) To ignore the exception that occurred in the try block

Answer: c) To execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not

Explanation: The finally block in Python exception handling is used to execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not. This is useful for cleaning up resources, closing files, and releasing locks. The finally block is optional and can be omitted if it is not needed.

Q7. Can multiple except blocks be used in a single try block in Python?

a) No, only one except block can be used in a try block
b) Yes, multiple except blocks can be used in a try block to handle different types of exceptions
c) Yes, but each except block must be enclosed in its own try block
d) No, each exception must be handled separately in a separate function

Answer: b) Yes, multiple except blocks can be used in a try block to handle different types of exceptions

Explanation: Multiple except blocks can be used in a single try block in Python to handle different types of exceptions. Each except block will catch a specific type of exception, and the code in that block will be executed if that type of exception occurs.

Q8. What is the purpose of the raise statement in Python?

a) To raise an exception manually
b) To handle an exception that occurred in the program
c) To ignore an exception that occurred in the program
d) To exit the program when an exception occurs

Answer: a) To raise an exception manually

Explanation: The raise statement in Python is used to raise an exception manually. This is useful when you want to handle a specific error condition in your program and raise an exception to signal that condition. When a raise statement is executed, it causes the specified exception to be raised, which can then be handled by an except block.

Q9. What is the difference between a try-except block and a try-finally block in Python?

a) A try-except block is used to handle exceptions, while a try-finally block is used for cleanup code
b) A try-except block is used for cleanup code, while a try-finally block is used to handle exceptions
c) A try-except block is used to handle exceptions, while a try-finally block is used to execute code after the try and except blocks have executed
d) There is no difference between a try-except block and a try-finally block in Python

Answer: c) A try-except block is used to handle exceptions, while a try-finally block is used to execute code after the try and except blocks have executed

Explanation: The try-except block in Python is used to handle exceptions that may occur during the execution of a program, while the try-finally block is used to execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not. The try-finally block is useful for cleanup code, such as releasing resources or closing files, that needs to be executed regardless of whether an exception occurred.

 

Q10. What is the recommended approach to handling exceptions in Python?

a) Ignoring exceptions and letting the program crash if an error occurs
b) Using try-except blocks to handle exceptions as they occur
c) Using try-finally blocks to handle exceptions as they occur
d) Using if statements to check for potential

Q11. What is the syntax for raising a custom exception in Python?

a) raise Exception(“Custom Exception”)
b) raise custom_exception(“Custom Exception”)
c) raise custom_exception
d) custom_exception(“Custom Exception”)

Answer: b) raise custom_exception(“Custom Exception”)

Explanation: To raise a custom exception in Python, you need to define a new exception class that inherits from the built-in Exception class. You can then raise an instance of your custom exception class using the raise statement, passing a message string as an argument. The syntax for raising a custom exception is: raise custom_exception(“Custom Exception”).

Q12. What is the purpose of the else block in Python exception handling?

a) To handle the exception that occurred in the try block
b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block
c) To execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not
d) To ignore the exception that occurred in the try block

Answer: b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block

Explanation: The else block in Python exception handling is used to execute code if no exception occurred in the try block. This block is optional and follows all the except blocks. If no exception occurred in the try block, the code in the else block will be executed. If an exception occurred, the code in the else block will be skipped.

Q13. What is the purpose of the assert statement in Python?

a) To raise an exception if a condition is not true
b) To handle an exception that occurred in the program
c) To ignore an exception that occurred in the program
d) To exit the program when an exception occurs

Answer: a) To raise an exception if a condition is not true

Explanation: The assert statement in Python is used to raise an exception if a condition is not true. The syntax of the assert statement is: assert condition, message. If the condition is true, the program continues to execute normally. If the condition is false, an AssertionError is raised with the specified error message.

Q14. What is the purpose of the traceback module in Python?

a) To handle exceptions that occur in the program
b) To display a traceback of the current call stack
c) To ignore exceptions that occur in the program
d) To exit the program when an exception occurs

Answer: b) To display a traceback of the current call stack

Explanation: The traceback module in Python is used to display a traceback of the current call stack. A traceback is a report of the function calls that led up to an exception. It shows the line of code that caused the exception and the line of code that called that line, and so on, all the way back to the top-level of the program. The traceback module can be used to display this information in a human-readable format.

Q15. What is the purpose of the finally block in Python exception handling?

a) To handle the exception that occurred in the try block
b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block
c) To execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not
d) To ignore the exception that occurred in the try block

Answer: c) To execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not

Explanation: The finally block in Python exception handling is used to execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not. This block is optional and follows all the except blocks. The code in the finally block is executed even if an exception occurred in the try block and was handled by an except block, or if the try block executed successfully with no exceptions. The purpose of the finally block is to ensure that certain cleanup actions, such as closing a file or a network connection, are always performed.

Q16. Which of the following is an example of a built-in exception in Python?

a) FileExistsError
b) FileNotFoundError
c) ZeroDivisionError
d) TypeError

Answer: c) ZeroDivisionError

Explanation: ZeroDivisionError is an example of a built-in exception in Python. It is raised when attempting to divide by zero. The other options are also examples of built-in exceptions in Python, but they are related to file operations and data types, respectively.

Q17. What is the purpose of the except block in Python exception handling?

a) To handle the exception that occurred in the try block
b) To execute code if no exception occurred in the try block
c) To execute code after the try and except blocks have executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not
d) To ignore the exception that occurred in the try block

Answer: a) To handle the exception that occurred in the try block

Explanation: The except block in Python exception handling is used to handle the exception that occurred in the try block. This block is optional and follows the try block. It specifies the type of exception to catch and what code to execute when the exception occurs. Multiple except blocks can be used to catch different types of exceptions. If no exception occurred in the try block, the code in the except block will be skipped.

Q18. Which of the following is NOT true about Python exception handling?

a) It is used to handle unexpected errors that occur during program execution
b) It uses try, except, and finally blocks to manage exceptions
c) It is not recommended to catch and handle all exceptions in a single except block
d) It is recommended to use the assert statement to handle expected errors in the program

Answer: d) It is recommended to use the assert statement to handle expected errors in the program

Explanation: The assert statement in Python is used to raise an exception if a condition is not true. It is typically used to check for programming errors, not expected errors. Python exception handling is used to handle unexpected errors that occur during program execution. It uses try, except, and finally blocks to manage exceptions. It is recommended to catch and handle specific exceptions in separate except blocks and to use the assert statement for programming errors.

Q19. How can you raise your own exception in Python?

a) Using the raise keyword followed by the name of the exception class
b) Using the throw keyword followed by the name of the exception class
c) Using the assert keyword followed by the name of the exception class
d) Using the try keyword followed by the name of the exception class

Answer: a) Using the raise keyword followed by the name of the exception class

Explanation: You can raise your own exception in Python using the raise keyword followed by the name of the exception class. For example, if you want to raise an exception when a certain condition is not met, you can write code like this:

code

if x < 0:
raise ValueError(“x cannot be negative”)
This will raise a ValueError with the message “x cannot be negative” if x is less than 0.

Q20. What happens if an exception is not caught in Python?

a) The program will continue running as if nothing happened
b) The program will terminate with an error message
c) The program will enter an infinite loop
d) The program will prompt the user to handle the exception

Answer: b) The program will terminate with an error message

Explanation: If an exception is not caught in Python, the program will terminate with an error message. The error message will typically include information about the type of exception that occurred, as well as the line number where the exception occurred. It is important to handle exceptions in your code to prevent the program from terminating unexpectedly.

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